First the Buddha advises us to abstain from harming living beings. Consequently, a Buddhist avoids any acts of cruelty towards human beings animals and even insects. A Buddhist refrains from activities such as hunting, fishing and other activities that involve the killing of animals. In contrast, Buddhism encourages acting with kindness to all living beings.

One should be aware, however, that the Buddha did not forbid the eating of meat and was therefore not a vegetarian. What he did say to his monks was that they should not meat if an animal had been killed specifically for them.

Secondly, a Buddhist avoids taking what is not given. Stealing of any kind is strongly discouraged - a straightforward precept. In contrast, Buddhism encourages the development of generosity.

Thirdly, a Buddhist avoids sexual misconduct. Such misconduct can take a number of forms but in short this precept discourages lustful thoughts and behavior. Indulging in pornography, prostitution and unfaithfulness to one's partner are examples of this. In contrast, Buddhism encourages restraint, and guarding the mind from being drawn to unwholesome sexual activity.

The fourth precept is about avoiding false speech. Lying, prevarication, deceit of any kind are discouraged by the Buddha. Instead, the Buddha espouses openness and honesty in all our dealings.

The final precept discourages indulgence in alcoholic drinks and recreational drugs. The Buddha explained that such substances cloud the mind and can lead to the breaking of the other precepts because judgment is impaired and dangerous emotions can be unleashed. Instead, the Buddha encouraged us to be mindful of what we think, say and do.

But what purposes do these precepts serve?

Essentially they promote harmony between ourselves and others and are therefore socially cohesive. They also prevent further suffering for ourselves and others. Unwholesome actions bring suffering to ourselves and/or others. For example, individuals with a drug problem bring suffering not only to themselves but to their families too. Conversely, wholesome actions bring happiness to oneself and/or others.

Underpinning Buddhism's moral code are two qualities that should inform all our actions. These are compassion (karuna) and loving kindness (metta). If these are our guiding principles in life, it makes it much less likely that we will break any of the precepts.

Return to Buddhist Index